Hawaii has eight official national park sites managed by the U.S. National Park Service (NPS), spanning across the islands of Hawai‘i (the Big Island), Maui, Oʻahu, and Moloka‘i. While only two are formally designated as "National Parks" — Haleakalā and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes — the others include National Historical Parks, Historic Sites, and a Memorial, all dedicated to preserving the islands’ unique natural and cultural heritage. This guide breaks down each park's classification, location, and highlights to help you plan your Hawaiian adventure and gain a deeper appreciation for the state’s remarkable blend of ecology, history, and Native Hawaiian culture.
Natural Parks in Hawaii
Hawaiʻi is home to eight national park sites managed by the National Park Service (NPS), each offering a unique glimpse into the islands’ remarkable geological features, rich biodiversity, and deep cultural heritage. These parks are spread across five of the Hawaiian Islands: Hawaiʻi (Big Island), Maui, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, and the island of Hawaiʻi itself. While not all are classified strictly as "national parks" in title—some are designated as national historical parks, memorials, or historic sites—they all fall under the broader umbrella of the U.S. national park system.
Haleakalā National Park (Maui)
Located on the island of Maui, Haleakalā National Park is famous for its massive volcanic crater, rare native species, and striking sunrise views from the summit at over 10,000 feet above sea level. The park is divided into two distinct sections: the Summit District and the Kīpahulu District. Both areas showcase incredibly diverse ecosystems, from alpine deserts to lush rainforests.
Key Features:
- Haleakalā Crater with panoramic sunrise views
- Native Hawaiian flora and fauna, including the endangered nēnē goose
- Hiking trails such as Sliding Sands (Keoneheʻeheʻe) and Pipiwai Trail
- Waimoku Falls and the Seven Sacred Pools (ʻOheʻo Gulch)
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park (Big Island)
Arguably the most famous national park in Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park encompasses two of the world’s most active volcanoes—Kīlauea and Mauna Loa. The park offers a dynamic landscape shaped by ongoing volcanic activity, with lava fields, steam vents, and vast calderas.
Key Features:
- Kīlauea Caldera and Halemaʻumaʻu Crater
- Crater Rim Drive and Chain of Craters Road
- Thurston Lava Tube (Nāhuku)
- Jaggar Museum and eruption viewing areas
- Extensive hiking trails through volcanic terrain
Kalaupapa National Historical Park (Molokaʻi)
Kalaupapa National Historical Park preserves the poignant history of a remote settlement where individuals with Hansen’s disease (leprosy) were exiled during the 19th and 20th centuries. Accessible only by small aircraft, mule ride, or challenging hike, the park is a quiet, isolated site that honors the resilience of those who lived there.
Key Features:
- Historic buildings and churches
- Interpretive programs about Hansen’s disease and Father Damien
- Scenic sea cliffs and coastal views
- Limited access due to preservation and resident community
Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park (Big Island)
This coastal park on the Big Island highlights traditional Hawaiian aquaculture and settlement practices. Visitors can explore ancient fishponds, petroglyphs, and trails once traversed by Native Hawaiians, all within a serene oceanfront environment.
Key Features:
- ʻAiʻopio Fishtrap and Kaloko Fishpond
- Cultural demonstrations and interpretive signage
- Native plant species and coastal bird habitats
- Easy access from Kailua-Kona
Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park (Big Island)
Known as the “Place of Refuge,” this sacred site served as a sanctuary for those who broke ancient kapu (laws). The park maintains restored temple structures, wooden carvings (kiʻi), and a historical reenactment area.
Key Features:
- Reconstructed Great Wall and Hale o Keawe temple
- Cultural demonstrations and festivals
- Educational visitor center
- Coastal trails and tidepools
Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site (Big Island)
This site contains one of the last major heiau (temples) built in Hawaii, constructed under the order of King Kamehameha I. Puʻukoholā Heiau played a pivotal role in unifying the Hawaiian Islands under one ruler.
Key Features:
- Massive lava rock temple structure
- Interpretive trails and historical exhibits
- Whale watching in winter months
- Connection to Hawaiian monarchy and warfare
Pearl Harbor National Memorial (Oʻahu)
One of the most visited sites in Hawaii, the Pearl Harbor National Memorial commemorates the events of December 7, 1941. The memorial includes the USS Arizona Memorial and museums that explore the impact of World War II on Hawaiʻi and the United States.
Key Features:
- USS Arizona Memorial (accessible by boat)
- Visitor center with exhibits and theaters
- Remnants of Battleship Row and interpretive panels
- Free admission, though timed reservations are recommended
Honouliuli National Historic Site (Oʻahu)
Still under development for public access, Honouliuli is Hawaii’s first and only internment camp site from World War II. It sheds light on the experiences of Japanese Americans and others detained during the war.
Key Features:
- Site of a former internment and POW camp
- Preservation of WWII-era civil liberties history
- Educational outreach and community involvement
- Ongoing archaeological and interpretive planning
Overview of Park Classifications
While only two locations—Haleakalā and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes—carry the "National Park" title, all eight sites are managed by the National Park Service and form an integral part of the U.S. national park system. Their designations include:
- 2 National Parks
- 2 National Historical Parks
- 2 National Historic Sites
- 1 National Memorial
- 1 National Historical Park (Kalaupapa, though its focus is cultural and medical history)
These designations reflect the diverse reasons for protection—natural wonders, cultural preservation, historical education, and ecological conservation. Collectively, they tell the story of Hawaiʻi’s people, landscapes, and legacy.
Historical Parks
Hawai‘i’s national parks not only preserve breathtaking natural landscapes, but also safeguard deeply significant cultural and historical narratives that shaped both the islands and the nation. The state is home to several federally protected sites that tell the story of ancient Hawaiian civilization, colonial contact, and pivotal moments in U.S. history. These historical parks are essential stops for travelers seeking a deeper understanding of Hawai‘i’s past.
Pearl Harbor National Memorial
Located on the island of Oʻahu, the Pearl Harbor National Memorial honors the lives lost during the surprise attack on December 7, 1941. This momentous event marked the United States’ entry into World War II. The memorial includes the USS Arizona Memorial, built over the sunken battleship, which serves as a solemn tribute to the 1,177 crewmen who perished. Visitors can also explore exhibits, watch historical films, and take guided tours that provide context to the events of that day and their global implications.
Honouliuli National Historic Site
Also on Oʻahu, the Honouliuli National Historic Site was established to preserve the memory of the Honouliuli Internment Camp, where Japanese Americans and prisoners of war were detained during World War II. This lesser-known site sheds light on civil liberties violations that occurred during wartime. Still under development as a full visitor site, Honouliuli offers educational programs and resources through partnerships with local institutions and cultural organizations. It serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of justice and constitutional rights.
Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park
Located on the Big Island (Hawaiʻi Island), Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park protects an ancient Hawaiian place of refuge, where those who broke sacred laws could avoid punishment by seeking sanctuary. The site features reconstructed temple platforms, wooden carvings (ki‘i), and royal grounds that give visitors a glimpse into pre-contact Hawaiian society. Cultural demonstrations, such as traditional canoe carving and hula performances, enrich the visitor experience and highlight the living traditions of Native Hawaiians.
Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site
Also on the Big Island, Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site is home to one of the largest and last major ancient Hawaiian temples. Built by King Kamehameha I in the late 18th century, the heiau (temple) was constructed as part of a prophecy to help him unify the Hawaiian Islands. The site symbolizes the transformation of Hawai‘i into a unified kingdom and reflects the deep spiritual and political traditions of the Hawaiian people. Visitors can walk the interpretive trails and learn about the historical and cultural importance of the area through exhibits and ranger-led programs.
Kalaupapa National Historical Park
Located on the remote Kalaupapa Peninsula of Molokaʻi, Kalaupapa National Historical Park preserves the poignant history of a settlement for people with Hansen’s disease (leprosy), who were forcibly isolated there from 1866 to 1969. The park honors both the individuals who suffered and the caregivers, such as Saint Damien and Saint Marianne Cope, who served the community. Due to its sensitive history and protected status, access to Kalaupapa is restricted and requires permits, typically obtained through guided tours. The dramatic cliffs and isolated beauty of the area add to the powerful emotional experience of visiting this site.
Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park
Situated on the western coast of the Big Island, Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park preserves an ancient Hawaiian coastal settlement. The park features traditional fishponds, house sites, petroglyphs, and sacred temples that showcase the ingenuity and spirituality of Native Hawaiian coastal life. It is also a habitat for native flora and fauna, including green sea turtles and Hawaiian monk seals. Interpretation centers and walking trails help visitors explore how ancient Hawaiians sustainably lived in harmony with their environment.
These historical parks offer invaluable insights into the cultural, political, and social legacy of the Hawaiian Islands. They are living classrooms that invite visitors to reflect on the rich and sometimes difficult history that has shaped Hawai‘i into what it is today.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Hawai‘i’s national parks are not only home to breathtaking landscapes but also serve as guardians of the islands' rich cultural legacy. Several parks are dedicated to preserving and interpreting the traditions, history, and spiritual practices of Native Hawaiians. These cultural heritage sites offer immersive experiences that connect visitors with the deep-rooted customs and beliefs that define the Hawaiian identity.
Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park
Located on the western coast of the Big Island, Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau is a sacred site that once served as a place of refuge for those who broke ancient kapu (sacred laws). In the traditional Hawaiian justice system, violators faced death unless they could reach a puʻuhonua, where they would be absolved by a priest and allowed to return to society.
The park preserves several important cultural elements, including reconstructed hale (thatched houses), kii (carved wooden images), temple structures, and fishponds. Visitors can walk through these historic grounds and learn about traditional Hawaiian law, social structure, and spiritual beliefs through interpretive displays and ranger-led programs.
Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site
Puʻukoholā Heiau, meaning "Temple on the Hill of the Whale," is one of the last major sacred structures built in Hawai‘i before Western influence reshaped the islands. Constructed under the direction of King Kamehameha I in the late 18th century, the heiau was a strategic and spiritual effort to unify the Hawaiian Islands under his rule.
The massive stone platform, built without mortar, stands as a powerful symbol of religious devotion and political ambition. Today, the site offers insights into Hawaiian temple architecture, traditional religious practices, and the rise of Kamehameha’s leadership. Rangers and cultural practitioners often provide educational talks, and the annual Ho‘oku‘ikahi (Unification) Ceremony honors the site's history.
Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park
Situated on the Kona coast of the Big Island, Kaloko-Honokōhau preserves an ancient Hawaiian coastal settlement. This park is a living testament to Native Hawaiian ingenuity, featuring restored fishponds (loko i‘a), petroglyphs, house sites, and sacred temples that reveal sustainable practices and spiritual life.
The park's centerpiece is the Kaloko fishpond, showcasing the traditional aquaculture techniques that supported thriving communities centuries ago. Visitors can walk along ancient trails, explore the coastline, and engage with cultural exhibits that highlight the harmony between the Hawaiian people and their environment.
Honouliuli National Historic Site
Although best known for its World War II history, Honouliuli also holds cultural significance as it uncovers a lesser-known chapter of Hawaiian and American history. Located on O‘ahu, this site was once the largest and longest-operating internment camp in Hawai‘i, used to detain Japanese Americans, European Americans, and local residents under martial law.
Now preserved as a national historic site, Honouliuli fosters dialogue about civil liberties and the impact of war on diverse communities. The site is in active development, with plans for educational facilities and interpretive programs that will also touch on the broader cultural and historical context of Hawai‘i during the mid-20th century.
Integration of Culture and Nature
Across all Hawaiian national parks, cultural heritage is closely tied to the natural environment. Whether it’s the sacred summit of Haleakalā or the volcanic landscapes of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, the land itself is regarded as a living ancestor in Hawaiian cosmology. Interpretive programs often emphasize this interconnectedness, offering a holistic understanding of how culture, history, and nature are inseparably linked in Hawai‘i.
These cultural heritage sites enrich the national park experience by offering deeper perspectives into Hawai‘i’s identity, encouraging visitors to view the islands not just as scenic destinations, but as places of profound historical and spiritual meaning.
Remote Parks
Hawai‘i’s national park system includes several remote and lesser-visited sites that offer deep cultural resonance, historical context, and natural isolation. These parks provide unique opportunities for reflection, learning, and exploration far from the more frequented tourist hubs.
Kalaupapa National Historical Park
Located on the isolated Kalaupapa Peninsula on the island of Moloka‘i, Kalaupapa National Historical Park preserves the poignant history of a community once used as a settlement for individuals with Hansen’s disease (leprosy). From 1866 to 1969, people diagnosed with the disease were exiled here, and the site became a place of both hardship and resilience. Father Damien, a Roman Catholic priest later canonized as a saint, famously served in this community and helped improve living conditions.
Access to Kalaupapa is highly restricted to protect the privacy of current residents and to preserve the cultural and historical integrity of the site. Visitors must obtain a permit and are typically required to join a guided tour. The park is accessible by small plane or a steep hiking trail down the sea cliffs, though trail access may be closed due to landslides or maintenance. The remote location and limited access contribute to the preservation of this sacred and historic land.
Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park
Situated along the Kona coast of Hawai‘i Island, Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park is a testament to ancient Hawaiian ingenuity and coastal living. The park protects several traditional Hawaiian fishponds (loko i‘a) and house site remnants, as well as a variety of sacred and ceremonial sites. It showcases how Native Hawaiians sustainably managed natural resources and adapted to coastal environments.
Visitors can explore the park’s walking trails, which pass through dryland habitats, lava fields, and shoreline areas. The site is also important for its native wildlife, including green sea turtles (honu) that frequently rest on the beach. Interpretive signs and ranger programs help visitors understand the cultural and ecological significance of the area.
Unique Challenges and Rewards
Remote national parks in Hawai‘i often require more effort to reach, but they offer unmatched rewards in terms of solitude, historical depth, and cultural immersion. These parks are less commercialized and provide a more intimate experience with Hawai‘i’s natural beauty and indigenous heritage. Visitors are encouraged to respect the land, follow all park guidelines, and approach these areas with sensitivity and reverence.
For those seeking a deeper connection with the islands beyond the popular attractions, Hawai‘i’s remote parks offer a rare and meaningful journey into the past and into the heart of the islands' living culture.
Park Locations and Access
Hawai‘i is home to eight national parks, monuments, and historic sites managed by the National Park Service, each spread across several islands. These parks showcase the state's rich blend of natural beauty, volcanic landscapes, and deep cultural history.
- Big Island: Hosts multiple major parks including Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, Pu‘ukoholā Heiau National Historic Site, Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, and Pu‘uhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park.
- Maui: Features Haleakalā National Park, known for its volcanic summit and lush Kipahulu coastal area.
- Oʻahu: Home to the Pearl Harbor National Memorial and Honouliuli National Historic Site, both significant for their World War II history.
- Moloka‘i: Location of Kalaupapa National Historical Park, a remote and historically poignant site accessible only by permit and guided tour.
Access to each park varies. While parks like Pearl Harbor are easily reached from Honolulu, others such as Kalaupapa require special arrangements due to their isolation and protected status.
Operating Hours and Seasons
Most of Hawai‘i’s national parks are open year-round, though hours of operation and access to certain sites may vary due to weather, maintenance, or cultural observances.
- Haleakalā National Park: Open 24 hours, but sunrise viewing requires a reservation.
- Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park: Open 24/7, though some areas may close due to volcanic activity.
- Pearl Harbor National Memorial: Typically open daily from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., except on Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year’s Day.
- Kalaupapa National Historical Park: Access is limited and requires a permit; flying in or hiking down the cliff trail is necessary.
Weather in Hawai‘i is generally mild year-round, but conditions can differ significantly between coastal and summit areas. Visitors should prepare for rapid weather changes, especially in higher elevations like Haleakalā or Mauna Loa.
Admission and Fees
Entrance fees vary by park and may include options for individuals, vehicles, or annual passes. Some parks are free to enter, while others charge per vehicle or person.
- Hawai‘i Volcanoes and Haleakalā National Parks:
- $30 per private vehicle (valid for 7 days)
- $15 per pedestrian or bicycle
- Annual Hawai‘i Tri-Park Pass: $55, valid for entry to all three Big Island and Maui national parks
- Pearl Harbor National Memorial:
- General entry is free, but access to the USS Arizona Memorial requires a reserved ferry ticket (currently $1 reservation fee).
- Fee-Free Days: The National Park Service offers several fee-free days annually, including Martin Luther King Jr. Day, National Park Week, and Veterans Day.
Discounted passes are available through the America the Beautiful program, including senior, military, and 4th-grade student passes.
Transportation and Accessibility
Getting around Hawai‘i’s national parks typically requires a rental car, especially on the Big Island and Maui, where public transportation is limited or non-existent near most park sites. Inter-island travel is primarily done via commercial flights, with major airports on Oʻahu, Maui, and the Big Island.
- Rental Cars: Recommended for visiting remote parks and maximizing flexibility.
- Guided Tours: Available for most parks, especially from resort areas or major cities like Honolulu and Kona.
- Shuttles and Public Transit: Limited to select areas, such as the Pearl Harbor Visitor Center, which is accessible by TheBus on Oʻahu.
Visitors planning to explore multiple parks should account for inter-island flight times and potential travel delays.
Visitor Centers and Amenities
Each park features a visitor center or ranger station offering maps, exhibits, restrooms, and educational materials.
- Hawai‘i Volcanoes NP: Kīlauea Visitor Center provides daily updates on volcanic activity, trail conditions, and ranger programs.
- Haleakalā NP: The Headquarters Visitor Center and the Haleakalā Visitor Center (near the summit) offer orientation and safety information.
- Pearl Harbor NM: The visitor center includes museums, theater presentations, and access to boat tours.
- Kalaupapa NHP: Limited services; visitors must be on a guided tour with prior arrangements.
It is advised to check for any accessibility accommodations in advance, as terrain can be rugged and services vary by site.
Park Regulations and Safety
To ensure the preservation of natural and cultural resources, visitors must follow all posted regulations and safety guidelines:
- Stay on Trails: Protect native vegetation and archaeological sites by remaining on designated paths.
- Respect Wildlife: Do not feed or approach animals; many species are protected under federal law.
- Volcanic Hazards: Observe all warnings related to volcanic gases, unstable terrain, and lava flows.
- Cultural Sensitivity: Many park sites are considered sacred; visitors should act respectfully and follow cultural protocols when provided.
Visitors are encouraged to check each park’s official website or the NPS mobile app for real-time updates and alerts.
Trip Planning Resources
For those planning a multi-park itinerary or extended visit, resources are available to help streamline travel and maximize enjoyment:
- National Park Service (nps.gov): Comprehensive park pages, maps, alerts, and pass purchase options.
- Trip Canvas by AAA: Offers curated travel guides for Hawai‘i, including lodging and activity recommendations.
- Visitor Bureaus: Each island has a local tourism office offering brochures and planning assistance.
- NPCA (National Parks Conservation Association): Provides educational content, conservation updates, and advocacy resources.
When planning, consider booking accommodations well in advance, especially during peak travel seasons (December–March and June–August).
Hawaii’s eight national parks and federally protected sites offer far more than scenic beauty—they’re living monuments to the islands’ volcanic power, cultural resilience, and historical importance. Whether you’re watching a sunrise atop Haleakalā, walking the lava fields of Kīlauea, or honoring the history at Pearl Harbor, each park provides a meaningful and unforgettable experience. Plan your visit thoughtfully, respect cultural history, and explore the diversity that makes Hawaii’s national parks unlike any other in the United States.